NFYK22003U-Computational-Atmosphere-and-Ocean-Dynamics/Lecture11.html at main · team-ocean/NFYK22003U-Computational-Atmosphere-and-Ocean-Dynamics · GitHub

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <link rel="icon" href="favicon.png" type="image/x-icon">
  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans+JP&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/11.8.0/styles/default.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/11.8.0/highlight.min.js"></script>
  <script>hljs.highlightAll();</script>
  <script>
    MathJax = {
      tex: {
        inlineMath: [['$', '$'], ['\\(', '\\)']],
        displayMath: [['$$', '$$'], ['\\[', '\\]']]
      },
      options: {
        renderActions: {
          addMenu: []
        }
      },
      svg: {
        fontCache: 'global',
        scale: 1.0
      }
    };
    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => {
    const sidebar = document.querySelector('.sidebar');
    const main = document.querySelector('.main-content');
    const wrapper = document.createElement('div');
    wrapper.className = 'layout';

    sidebar.parentNode.insertBefore(wrapper, sidebar);
    wrapper.appendChild(sidebar);
    wrapper.appendChild(main);
  });
  </script>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-svg.js" async></script>
</head>

<body>
  <div class="sidebar">
    <img src="Logo_NS-blackboard-Expand.png" alt="Sidebar Image">
    <nav>
      <ul class="nav-menu">
        <li><a href="index.html">Welcome to NFYK22003U</a></li>
           <ul class="sub-menu">
            <li><a href="CourseInformation.html">Course Information</a></li>
          </ul>
        <li><a href="Welcome.html">Scope and Sequence</a></li>
           <ul class="sub-menu">
            <li><a href="CoursePrerequisitesExam.html">Prerequisites Exam</a></li>
            <li><a href="IntroductiontoPythonProgramming.html">Introduction to Python Programming</a></li>
            <li><a href="MathsSpeedrun.html">Maths Speedrun</a></li>
          </ul>

        <li>
          <a href="Lecture1.html">Lecture 1 – Introduction and Transport Processes</a></li>
          <ul class="sub-menu">
            <li><a href="Project1.html">Project 1 – Oxygen Budget</a></li>
          </ul>
          <li><a href="Lecture2.html">Lecture 2 – The Dynamics of Rotating Planets</a></li>
          <ul class="sub-menu">
            <li><a href="Project2.html">Project 2 – The Sverdrup Relation</a></li>
          </ul>
          <li><a href="Lecture3.html">Lecture 3 – Origin of Carbon and Water on Earth</a></li>
          <li><a href="Lecture4.html">Lecture 4 – The Gulfstream</a></li>
          <ul class="sub-menu">
            <li><a href="Project3.html">Project 3 – Western Boundary Currents</a></li>
          </ul>
          <li><a href="Lecture5.html">Lecture 5 – Carbon and Plankton</a></li>
          <li><a href="Lecture6.html">Lecture 6 – Quasi-Geostrophy</a></li>
          <li><a href="Lecture7.html">Lecture 7 – Theory of the Ventilated Thermocline</a></li>
          <ul class="sub-menu">
            <li><a href="Project4.html">Project 4 – Shadow Zone</a></li>
          </ul>
          <li><a href="Lecture8.html">Lecture 8 – Waves</a></li>
          <li><a href="Lecture9.html">Lecture 9 – Atmospheric Thermodynamics</a></li>
          <ul class="sub-menu">
            <li><a href="Project5.html">Project 5 – Hadley Cell</a></li>
          </ul>
          <li><a href="Lecture10.html">Lecture 10 – Surface and Abyssal Circulation</a></li>
          <ul class="sub-menu">
            <li><a href="Project6.html">Project 6 – Overturning</a></li>
          </ul>
          <li><a href="Lecture11.html">Lecture 11 – Ocean Mixing and Overturning Circulation</a></li>
          <li><a href="Lecture12.html">Lecture 12 – Stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation</a></li>
          <ul class="sub-menu">
            <li><a href="Project7.html">Project 7 – Oscillations</a></li>
            <li><a href="TestExam.html">Test Exam</a></li>
          </ul>
          <li><a href="Lecture13.html">Lecture 13 – Applications of Machine Learning in CFD and GFD</a></li>
          <ul class="sub-menu">
            <li><a href="SailbyNightPhysics.html">Sail by Night Physics</a></li>
          </ul>
          <li><a href="Appendix.html">Appendix</a></li>

          <li><a href="References.html">References</a></li>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </nav>
  </div>

  <div class="main-content">
    <h1>Lecture 11 – Ocean Mixing and Overturning Circulation</h1>

    <h2>Conveyor-Belt Circulation</h2>

    Because the
overall circulation pattern resembles a large conveyer belt, the model is called
conveyer-belt circulation. Beginning in the North Atlantic, surface water carries
heat to high latitudes via the Gulf Stream. During the cold winter months, this
heat is transferred to the overlying atmosphere, warming northern Europe. An integrated model combining deep thermohaline circulation and surface currents is shown in the figure below.
<img src="Figures/Lecture11_ConveyeBeltCirculation.png" alt="ConveyeBeltCirculation" style="margin-top: 1.5em; border-radius: 6px; max-width: 100%; display: block;">
<div class="figure-caption">(Idealized conveyer-belt circulation.
Schematic map of conveyer-belt circulation of the world ocean. Source areas (purple dots) exist in high-latitude regions where surface water cools and becomes high density. These source areas feed the flow of deep, high density waters (blue lines), which flow into all of the oceans. This water slowly ascends throughout the oceans and completes the conveyer by returning to the source areas as warm surface currents (red lines).
  Credit: <i>Essentials of Oceanography</i>, Trujillo and Thurman.)</div>

  <h2>Mixing</h2>
  There are two different theories to explain the strength of the AMOC:
  <ul>
    <li>The AMOC is proportional to the meridional pressure gradient.</li>
    <li>The AMOC is controlled by wind stress over the Southern Ocean.</li>
  </ul>

    <h2>Bonus: Cat Goes Fishing</h2>
    <a href="https://store.steampowered.com/app/343780/Cat_Goes_Fishing/">Cat Goes Fishing on Steam</a>
<video controls
       poster="Figures/Lecture11_CatGoesFishingPoster.png"
       style="margin-top: 1.5em; border: 1px solid #3c5c78; border-radius: 6px; max-width: 100%; display: block;">
  <source src="Figures/Lecture11_CatGoesFishing.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>

Abyssal, huge fish surrounding a shark on the hook.

<img src="Figures/Lecture11_AbyssCatGoesFishing.png" alt="AbyssCatGoesFishing" style="margin-top: 1.5em; border-radius: 6px; max-width: 100%; display: block;">


<script>
  function copyToClipboard(btn) {
    const code = btn.nextElementSibling.innerText;
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code).then(() => {
      btn.classList.add('copied');
      setTimeout(() => btn.classList.remove('copied'), 2000);
    });
  }
</script>

    <p><strong>Next</strong>: <a href="Lecture12.html">Lecture 12 – Stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation</a></p>

<div class="footer">
  Qi-fan based on the course material by Markus Jochum<br>
  It is very much a work in progress! Have you spotted a mistake or an error on this page?
  Click <a href="mailto:qifan.wu@nbi.ku.dk">here</a> to tell me!<br>
  &copy; 2025 TeamOcean | NBI/KU
</div>
</div>

<script>
  function copyToClipboard(btn) {
    const code = btn.nextElementSibling.innerText;
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(code).then(() => {
      btn.classList.add('copied');
      setTimeout(() => btn.classList.remove('copied'), 2000);
    });
  }
</script>
</body>
</html>